See for example the Introduction of. [69] Weil believed that evil, and its consequence, affliction, served the role of driving us out of ourselves and towards Godâ"The extreme affliction which overtakes human beings does not create human misery, it merely reveals it. Cited in Petrement. -has made it onto page 270 the YOUCAT, the Youth Catechism of the Catholic Church.. Weil's most famous works were published posthumously. [15] Weil wrote throughout her life, although most of her writings did not attract much attention until after her death. This series was first broadcast in 2002. Simone Weil, (born February 3, 1909, Paris, France—died August 24, 1943, Ashford, Kent, England), French mystic, social philosopher, and activist in the French Resistance during World War II, whose posthumously published works had particular influence on French and English social thought. Richard Bell's Simone Weil's Philosophy of Culture: Readings toward a Divine Humanity (1993) assembles articles on the different ways in which she attempted to transform her culture as a moral philosopher, political thinker, classicist, mystic, etc. Weil had similar views about others, saying that if one looks at the lives of great figures in separation from their works, it "necessarily ends up revealing their pettiness above all", as it's in their works that they have put the best of themselves.[84]. She taught intermittently throughout the 1930s, taking several breaks due to poor health and to devote herself to political . A child prodigy, she learned classical Greek by the age of twelve, and Sanskrit later on. Weil was a harsh critic of the influence of Judaism on Western civilisation, and an even harsher critic of the Roman Empire, in which she refused to see any value at all. Pope Paul VI said that Weil was one of his three greatest influences. Philosophy students either find the writings of the 20 th-century thinker and author relevant for our time or dismiss them as outdated, said Rebecca Rozelle-Stone, associate professor in Philosophy and Religion at UND. Below the town in the valley is the ugliest church in the entire environs: the massive baroque basilica of Saint Mary of the Angels, finished in the seventeenth century and rebuilt in the nineteenth century, which houses a rare treasure: a tiny Romanesque chapel that stood in the days of Saint Francisâthe "Little Portion" where he would gather his brethren. Her most important works are La Pesanteur et la grâce (1947; Gravity and Grace), a collection of religious essays and aphorisms; L’Enracinement (1949; The Need for Roots), an essay upon the obligations of the individual and the state; Attente de Dieu (1950; Waiting for God), a spiritual autobiography; Oppression et Liberté (1955; Oppression and Liberty), a collection of political and philosophical essays on war, factory work, language, and other topics; and three volumes of Cahiers (1951–56; Notebooks). A moral idealist committed to a vision of social justice, Weil in her writings explored her own religious life while also analyzing the individual’s relation with the state and God, the spiritual shortcomings of modern industrial society, and the horrors of totalitarianism. I continue to consider the French writer, philosopher, and political activist, Simone Weil (February 3, 1909-August 24, 1943) the closest thing we have to a modern saint — a woman both exemplary of extraordinary moral courage in her actions and capable of articulating that ethos in words of luminous lucidity and grace.. [73] As Weil explains, one can love God by praying to God, and attention is the very âsubstance of prayerâ: when one prays, one empties oneself, fixes one's whole gaze towards God, and becomes ready to receive God. She leaves a broad and extraordinary work. Seamus Flaherty is a former academic historian turned writer. French philosopher Simone Weil (1909-1943) defies the usual religious categories: at once atheistic and religious, mystic and realist, skeptic and believer. She confronted the rootlessness of modern life and the death of the spirit in an age of materialism. Her thought has continued to be the subject of extensive scholarship across a wide range of fields. Simone Weil. Trouvé à l'intérieurEn 1933-1934, Simone Weil était professeur à Roanne. Dans un petit pavillon isolé au fond d'un parc, sur l'herbe ou sous la neige, elle enseigna alors la philosophie à quelques élèves. Instead she joined the anarchist Durruti Column of the French-speaking Sébastien Faure Century, which specialised in high-risk "commando"-style engagements. Along with some twenty volumes of her works, publishers have issued more than thirty biographies, including Simone Weil: A Modern Pilgrimage by Robert Coles, Harvard's Pulitzer-winning professor, who calls Weil 'a giant of reflection.'[85]. But for the moment it is disconnected, totally free. Schocken, 592 pp. She escaped with her parents to the United States in 1942 but then went to London to work with the French Resistance. She thought about attention all her adult life but the topic became particularly important to her after a religious experience in 1938.4 From this point on she iden- Omissions? Weil had another, more powerful, revelation a year later while reciting George Herbert's poem Love III, after which "Christ himself came down and took possession of me",[49] and, from 1938 on, her writings became more mystical and spiritual, while retaining their focus on social and political issues. She later learned Sanskrit so that she could read the Bhagavad Gita in the original. HS 9/1570/1, National Archives, Kew, Eric O. Springsted, âThe Baptism of Simone Weilâ in Spirit, Nature and Community: Issues in the Thought of Simone Weil (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994) -. Simone Weil (1909-1943) occupe une place tout à fait singulière dans l'histoire de la philosophie française contemporaine. In 1919, at 10 years of age, she declared herself a Bolshevik. » Ainsi Camus décrivit Simone Weil, philosophe au destin tragique qui périt à tout juste trente-quatre ans. "[66], While Gravity and Grace (French: La Pesanteur et la grâce) is one of the books most associated with Simone Weil, the work was not one she wrote to be published as a book. (See Thibon's Introduction to Gravity and Grace (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952). Cependant, un pan remarquable de la pensée de Simone Weil demeure toujours dans l'ombre. Basing her opinion on letters written by the personnel of the sanatorium at which Simone Weil was treated, Pétrement affirms that Weil asked for food on different occasions while she was hospitalized and even ate a little bit a few days before her death; according to her, it is in fact Weil's poor health condition that eventually made her unable to eat. Auteur d'un mémoire sur Machiavel et Hegel, dans une première vie, Emmanuel Macron qui se pique d'avoir été l'assistant de Paul Ricoeur, cite a priori la philosophe Simone Weil, avec un . 17 'London', see esp. Biographie de Simone Weil, philosophe, ouvrière, militante et résistante. Simone Adolphine Weil (/veɪ/ VAY,[12] French: [simÉn vÉj] (listen); 3 February 1909 â 24 August 1943) was a French philosopher, mystic, and political activist. Several Jewish writers, including Susan Sontag, accused her of antisemitism, although this was far from a universal shared perspective. She even disliked Romans who are normally admired by progressives, like, Several of her most ardent admirers have also been Jewish, Wladimir Rabi, a contemporary French intellectual for example, called her the greatest French spiritual writer of the first half the twentieth century. She wrote political tracts, marched in demonstrations, and advocated workers' rights. « Le seul grand esprit de notre temps. Simone Weil reading and discussion set Oct. 15-16. They are respectively the terms for spirit, soul, and body; kabbalistically, they are expressed with the…, “The language in which God wrote the universe is mathematics” - Galileo, A tiny seed of Light, floating free, has as its intention, its task, to find and connect with an earthly being. Pleasure is perhaps innocent on condition that we do not seek knowledge in it. L'écriture de soi relève d'un genre littéraire difficilement définissable, mais qui est pourtant issu d'une longue tradition mettant en scène les différentes modalités d'approche du soi et de l'œuvre. [30] During these years, Weil attracted much attention with her radical opinions. In addition to studies in philosophy, classical philology, and science, Weil continued to embark on new learning projects as the need arose. Simone Weil (3 February 1909 - 24 August 1943) was a French philosopher, Christian mystic, and social activist. [54] According to Pétrement she idolised Lawrence of Arabia, considering him to be a Saint. According to Pétrement, she was one of the first to identify a new form of oppression not anticipated by Marx, where élite bureaucrats could make life just as miserable for ordinary people as did the most exploitative capitalists. Weil was the subject of a 2010 documentary by Julia Haslett, An encounter with Simone Weil. » C'est ainsi qu'Albert Camus évoquait la philosophe Simone Weil (1909-1943), dont l'œuvre suscite un remarquable regain d'intérêt ces derniers . Especially because she is completely imbued with the idea of non-violence. Préface d'Antoine Guggenheim, professeur de théologie, fondateur et ancien directeur du Pôle de recherche du Collège des Bernardins. Il a contribué au Cahier de L'Herne Simone Weil, publié en 2014. London: Macmillan, 72-93. After her graduation from formal education, Weil became a teacher. Seventy-five years ago, the French philosopher and mystic Simone Weil joined Charles de Gaulle's Free French movement in London. To learn the psychological effects of heavy industrial labour, she took a job in 1934–35 in an auto factory, where she observed the spiritually deadening effect of machines on her fellow workers. She was the younger of her parents' two children: her brother was mathematician André Weil (1906â1998), with whom she would always enjoy a close relationship. [74] Similarly, for Weil, people can love their neighbors by emptying themselves, becoming ready to receive their neighbor in all his or her naked truth, asking their neighbor: âWhat are you going through?â[75], In Waiting for God, Simone Weil explains that the three forms of implicit love of God are (1) love of neighbor (2) love of the beauty of the world and (3) love of religious ceremonies. A complete robbery in this regard is found, for example, in the case of unemployment; even if the unemployed receives the necessary support. "[70], Weil's concept of affliction (malheur) goes beyond simple suffering, though it certainly includes it. Elle est la sœur du mathématicien André Weil. There is a special force hidden in the human gaze, a magnetism in which the person is materialized in himself/herself. [82] Weil writes that purity in religion is seen when âfaith and love do not fail,â and most absolutely, in the Eucharist. Beauty also served a soteriological function for Weil: "Beauty captivates the flesh in order to obtain permission to pass right to the soul." Simone Weil: Philosopher - Union Worker - Mystic. "Not the individual man loves his neighbor, but God in him loves the neighbor. [94] On the other hand, according to Eliot, she held up the Cathars as exemplars of goodness, despite there being in his view little concrete evidence on which to base such an assessment. They contain thoughts and texts on philosophy and cultural philosophy, on theology and mysticism, but also on treatises on social reforms and social policy issues. Weil was born into a secular household and raised in "complete agnosticism". Simone Weil was one of the most remarkable thinkers of the past century: a philosopher, a mystic, and a political activist. [56], In 1942, Weil travelled to the United States with her family. She most likely ate even less, as she refused food on most occasions. [98] Weil's work has however continued to be the subject of ongoing scholarship, with a metastudy finding that over 2500 new scholarly works had been published about her between 1995 and 2012. Yet those coming to her work from such disciplines as sociology, history, political science, religious studies, French studies, and women's studies are often ignorant of or baffled by . Simone Weil: Simone Weil was a 20th-century French philosopher and social activist who lived during the first and second World Wars. It is probable that she was baptized during this period. Her own meaning she ultimately finds in her relationship to the divine. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Rather, the work consists of various passages selected from Weil's notebooks and arranged topically by Gustave Thibon, who knew and befriended her. According to Fogelman, Cole, and others, various studies have found that a common formative experience for marked altruists is to suffer a hurtful loss and then to receive strong support from loving carers. Everything was created because God "spoke". The beauty which is inherent in the form of the world (this inherency is proven, for her, in geometry, and expressed in all good art) is the proof that the world points to something beyond itself; it establishes the essentially telic character of all that exists. The liberation movement of the Cathars was conquered in the 13th century by a coalition of the pope with the French king with persecution and extermination. She painstakingly analyzes the spiritual and ethical milieu that led to France's defeat by the German army, and then addresses these issues with the prospect of eventual French victory. Répertoire 1809-1950", "Simone Weil's Rediscovered Jewish Inspiration", "Film Review: An Encounter with Simone Weil", "Deep Listen: Kaija Saariaho ⢠VAN Magazine", Special Issue on Simone Weil (1909â1943), Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simone_Weil&oldid=1049648514, Converts to Christianity from atheism or agnosticism, Members of the General Confederation of Labour (France), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The term mystic is derived from the Greek noun mystes, which originally designated an…. [80] Second, Weil explains, love of the worldâs beauty occurs when humans imitate Godâs love for the cosmos: just as God creatively renounced his command over the worldâletting it be ruled by human autonomy and matterâs âblind necessityââhumans give up their imaginary command over the world, seeing the world no longer as if they were the worldâs center. Because she herself decides to live according to the principles of non-violence and frugality in the broader sense of a higher order, which means obedience to the eternal laws hidden in the innermost being. In 1943, Weil was diagnosed with tuberculosis and instructed to rest and eat well. She publishes the work “Rooting” in which she develops guidelines for social, political and public behavior. Hence, the resulting work, in its selections, organization and editing, is much influenced by Mr. Thibon, a devout Catholic. [40], Weil was distressed by the Republican killings in eastern Spain, particularly when a fifteen-year old Falangist was executed after he had been taken prisoner and Durruti had spent an hour trying to get him to change his political position before giving him until the next day to decide. Her niece, Sylvie Weil, and biographer Thomas R. Nevin have sought, on the contrary, to demonstrate that Weil did not reject Judaism and was heavily influenced by its precepts.[68]. Simone Weil, legendary French philosopher, mystic and political activist who died in England in 1943 at the age of thirty-four, belongs to a select group of thinkers: as with St Augustine, Pascal and Nietzsche, so with Weil a single phrase can permanently change one's life. Simone Weil vs the Existentialists. The following year, she took a 12-month leave of absence from her teaching position to work incognito as a labourer in two factories, one owned by Renault, believing that this experience would allow her to connect with the working class. Guilherme, Alexandre and Morgan, W. John, 2018, 'Simone Weil (1909-1943)-dialogue as an instrument of power', Chapter 7 in. Leon Trotsky himself personally responded to several of her articles, attacking both her ideas and her as a person. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 18Plus récemment on doit citer, au sujet de la relation de Simone Weil avec Platon, l'ouvrage collectif édité par J'. Doering et E. O. Springsted sur le platonisme chrétien de la philosophe”. C'est à peu près tout ce que nous disposons. Simone Weil dies on 24 August 1943 in London at the age of 34 years of heart failure from starvation and tuberculosis. Gustave Thibon, the French philosopher and close friend, recounts their last meeting, not long before her death: "I will only say that I had the impression of being in the presence of an absolutely transparent soul which was ready to be reabsorbed into original light. Simone Adolphine Weil. During her search, the lives and activities of the Cathars inspire Weil and become her social and spiritual role model. Simone Weil: A life. Nommée professeur de philosophie, Simone Weil (1909-1943) devient en 1934 ouvrière d’usine chez Renault, condition indispensable à l’action militante (La Condition ouvrière). À peine repris son enseignement, elle rejoint en 1936 ... [18] General Charles de Gaulle, her ultimate boss while she worked for the French Resistance, considered her "insane",[97] although even he was influenced by her and repeated some of her sayings for years after her death.[18][47]. Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western world, France has also played a highly significant role in international affairs, with former colonies in every corner of the globe. Ce qu'on a retenu de la philosophe française Simone Weil (1909-1943), c'est d'avoir quitté son poste de professeur agrégé de philosophie pour aller travailler à la chaîne, de 1934 à 1935. Most of her writings appeared only after her death. Relativement au probleme de la liberte, on peut considerer que les philosophies se classent schematiquement dans deux camps: les unes postulent la liberte humaine comme un principe absolu sans lequel le sens de l'existence ne se laisse pas ... Weil's existential paradoxes continue to challenge and provoke readers in philosophy, « Simone Weil est probablement la dernière grande philosophe du travail en ce sens qu'elle tente encore de concilier travail et liberté, poursuit le philosophe. The idea touched her so deeply that she sought out a biography of Weil. Contemporary French philosopher, Michel Serres, called Simone Weil "the first philosopher to really speak of violence in all its dimension." After reading Gravity and Grace in his early 20s, he decided to pursue the humanities instead of mathematics.. Albert Camus described Simone Weil as the only great spirit of our time. Simone Weil on Attention Weil, a philosopher and writer, was born in France in 1909 and died in London in 1943. Affliction is a sort of suffering "plus", which transcends both body and mind; such physical and mental anguish scourges the very soul.[71]. This participation is characterized by location, birth, occupation and a familiar environment. There, she tries to be active in the Resistance, but this does not succeed according to her plans. Alain, "Journal" (unpublished). Enlightened By Love: The LIfe and Thought of Simone Weil. Instead, she limited her food intake to what she believed residents of German-occupied France ate. (2000) 'Semantics of the Unspeakable: Six Sentences by Simone Weil,' in: "Trajectories of Mysticism in Theory and Literature", Philip Leonard, ed. As health minister, she is best remembered for advancing women's legal rights in France, in particular . [15] Like the Renaissance thinker Pico della Mirandola, her interests in other religions were universal and she attempted to understand each religious tradition as an expression of transcendent wisdom. She was in London working for the French Resistance and trying to convince its leader, Charles de Gaulle, to form a contingent of nurses who would serve at the front lines. The love of this beauty proceeds from God dwelling in our souls and goes out to God present in the universe". She was above all an outsider. She finished first in the exam for the certificate of "General Philosophy and Logic"; Simone de Beauvoir finished second. Others think that Weil's self-starvation occurred after her study of Arthur Schopenhauer. Imagination and fiction make up more than three quarters of our real life. In her opinion, the Cathars were the heirs of Plato's thinking, of the esoteric doctrine, and the original mysteries. A l'occasion du centenaire de la naissance de S. Weil, l'auteur prend appui sur deux textes de la philosophe, Réflexions sur les causes de la liberté et de l'oppression sociale (1934) et Prélude à une déclaration des devoirs envers l ... ), the narrative arc becomes a struggle to understand the dichotomy of Simone. The Cathars lived in the Middle Ages in southern France, the Languedoc, and they were called in their time “bonnes hommes”, good people. She was forced to leave the unit, and was met by her parents who had followed her to Spain. Winchell, James. But my words are also the water that separates you and me indefinitely. Pétrement, Simone (1988). Il y est question de passion et de liberté, de désobéissance et d’engagements, de critique et d’éthique. Cet esprit profondément français, le philosophe Vincent Cespedes se propose ici de l’explorer. She was educated at the elite high school of the secular Parisian upper class where her famously secular philosopher teacher, Alain, called her "the Martian" in reference to her alien brilliance.Many people know the name of Simone de Beauvoir, the famous feminist and existentialist philosopher. Gorkin refused, saying she would almost certainly be sacrificing herself for nothing, as it would be most unlikely she could pass as a Spaniard. 1943. Plato also argued that it was up to the state to allow citizens to participate in philosophical education programs so that they would recognize their true destiny and thus find their bearings in central issues of life. This was especially true for me. This idea of connecting distance was of the first importance for Weil's understanding of the created realm. Does it matter? I look to philosopher Simone Weil (1909-1943), who brings to the Western tradition her insight as a refugee who attended to other refugees. Morgan, W. John, 2020, âSimone Weilâs âReflections on the Right Use of School Studies with a View to the Love of Godâ: A Commentâ, Rozelle-Stone, Rebecca A., and Lucian Stone. A lack of such bonds, in the opinion of the thinker, will result in the disease of "uprooting or homelessness". Weil wanted to Christianize society, and her interpretations of the classics were just one . Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 168Simone Weil: Une femme absolue. Félin, 1982, 1987. Goicoechea, David, ed. The Question of Humanism. Prometheus Books, 1991. Kahn, Gilbert, ed. Simone Weil, philosophe, historienne, mystique. Aubier Montaigne, 1978. She was called the "Red virgin",[30] and even "The Martian" by her admired mentor.[31]. All these stories had a deep meaning, the fairy tales as well. Simone Weil's Conservatism The 20th century anarchist philosopher and mystic could point the way forward for today's right. By Robert Zaretsky. Weil replied that she had "every right"[38] to sacrifice herself if she chose, but after arguing for more than an hour, she was unable to convince Gorkin to give her the assignment. Share with your friends. In the decades since her death, her writings have been assembled, annotated, criticized, discussed, disputed, and praised. French philosopher and activist Simone Weil (pronounced "Vay") is a polarizing figure. Weil did not limit her curiosity to Christianity. She also wrote that "The beauty of this world is Christ's tender smile coming to us through matter".[72]. 1943. Haslett first encountered Weil in a quotation: "Attention is the highest and purest form of generosity.". About a month after her departure, Weil's unit was nearly wiped out at an engagement in Perdiguera in October 1936, with every woman in the group being killed. [32] She received her agrégation that same year. ", Simone Weil, The Need for Roots: prelude towards a declaration of duties towards mankind, Angelica Krogmann, Simone Weil, Reinbek 1970, Ulrike Voigt, Mystikerinnen, Stuttgart 2017. Filmmaker Julia Haslett believes that an answer can be found by delving into the life and thought of Simone Weil, an early 20th century French philosopher and mystic.
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