He managed forces with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi, against the army led by Mark Antony and Octavian. He’s also known as an author of Latin prose. So we read: “A convert to Christianity, he came to be revered as a great hero and saint by the first Christian community in Jerusalem….it was said for a moment in time he had held the destiny of the whole of mankind in his hands.” Gaius Cassius Longinus was born in 85 BC, the son of Consul Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus. Their intention was to starve out the enemy, but they were forced into an engagement. Questions: Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Little is known of Gaius Cassius' early life, apart from a story that he showed his dislike of despots while still at school, by quarreling with the son of the dictator Sulla. Cassius set upon and sacked Rhodes, while Brutus did the same to Lycia. Brutus’s appointment irked Gaius Cassius Longinus, who had wanted the job and considered himself better qualified. It's hard to persuade people that ‘the good is desirable for its own sake'; but it's both true and creditable that pleasure and tranquility are obtained by virtue, justice, and the good. This lead him to the idea that he needed to help avenge Rome by killing Julius Caesar, future tyrant of Rome. He opposed Caesar, and eventually he commanded a fleet against him during Caesar's Civil War: after Caesar defeated Pompey in the Battle of Pharsalus, Caesar overtook Cassius and forced him to surrender. Brutus and Cassius, the organizers of the conspiracy, expected all Romans to rejoice with them in the rebirth of “freedom.” But to the Roman people the freedom of the governing class had never meant very much; the armies (especially in the west) were attached to Caesar; and…, In 164–165 the Roman general Gaius Avidius Cassius captured the capital cities Ctesiphon and Seleucia, but an epidemic forced the Romans to retreat and peace was restored. Cassius was a man of considerable ability and a good soldier, but in politics he was actuated by vanity and ambition and had an uncontrollable temper and sharp tongue. The outbreak of the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great saved Cassius from being brought to trial by his enemies for extortion in Syria. The two most prominent assassins were Marcus Junius Brutus (Brutus) and Gaius Cassius Longinus (Cassius). However, Cassius refused to join in the fight against Cato and Scipio in Africa, choosing instead to retire to Rome. Longinus was suffect consul of the second half of the year 30 as the colleague of Lucius Naevius Surdinus. 30 41 a Roman jurist and great grandson or nephew of Gaius Cassius Longinus, the tyrannicide Gaius Cassius Gaius Cassius Longinus was so distraught and upset over this loss that he became momentarily insane and significantly emotionally unstable. They called themselves liberators. Julius Caesar is a name many of us are familiar with. Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman consul in 73 BC (together with Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus).. Cassius and his colleague passed the lex Terentia Cassia that ordered the state to buy up grain in Sicily and sell it for a low price in Rome. Cassius, a pupil of Sabinus, was head of the legal … Tyranny also threatened the Epicurean value of parrhesia (παρρησία), "truthful speaking," and the movement toward deifying Caesar offended Epicurean belief in abstract gods who lead an ideal existence removed from mortal affairs.[32]. So we read: “A convert to Christianity, he came to be revered as a great hero and saint by the first Christian community in Jerusalem….it was said for a moment in time he had held the destiny of the whole of mankind in his hands.” he married a women named Juna Terti. Gaius Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome, is stabbed to death in the Roman Senate house by 60 conspirators led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. He was lamented by Brutus as “the last of the Romans” and buried at Thasos. Two Senate members, Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus led a group of disgruntled Senators. Caesar grew up in a modest family. !” The statement “Et tu, Brute?” is one of antiquity’s most famous … After Caesar’s assassination, Cassius was in command of the fleet that engaged Little is known of Gaius Cassius' early life. [24] Sometime between 48 and 45 BC, however, Cassius famously converted to the school of thought founded by Epicurus. As they set about their return journey they were confronted by a detachment of Cassius' army, which faked a retreat and lured the Parthians into an ambush. Cassius and Brutus dubbed themselves "the liberators." He studied philosophy at Rhodes under Archelaus of Rhodes and became fluent in Greek. Antony refused to turn Caesar's fortune over to him. The death of Julius Caesar was the consequence of a conspiracy by numerous Roman senators drove by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. Dolabella attacked but was betrayed by his allies, leading him to commit suicide. Epicurus himself, from whom all your Catii and Amafinii[34] take their leave as poor interpreters of his words, says ‘there is no living pleasantly without living a good and just life. By this point, the Senate had split with Antonius, and cast its lot with Cassius, confirming him as governor of the province. Rather, Cassius would have had to reconcile his intention with his philosophical views. Two Senate members, Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus led a group of disgruntled Senators. Take a look below for 30 more interesting and awesome facts about Julius Caesar. Little is known of his early life, apart from a story that he showed his dislike of despots while still at school, by quarreling with the son of the dictator Sulla. Little is known of Gaius Cassius's early life. He sided with Pompey during the war against Caesar but was pardoned after Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus (48 bc). After Pompey’s defeat in battle, he escaped for Hellespont but was arrested by Caesar. [13] He then proceeded to harass ships off the Italian coast. As you probably know, Brutus’s main ally in the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar was his brother-in-law, Gaius Cassius Longinus. [11], In 51 BC, Cassius was able to ambush and defeat an invading Parthian army under the command of prince Pacorus and general Osaces. As a quaestor in 53 bc, Cassius served under Marcus Licinius Crassus and saved the remnants of the Roman army defeated by the Parthians at Carrhae (modern Harran, Turkey). The appointment of his junior, Marcus Junius Brutus, as praetor urbanus deeply offended him, and he became one of the busiest conspirators against Caesar, taking a very active part in the assassination. [37], The inconsistencies between traditional Epicureanism and an active approach to securing freedom ultimately could not be resolved, and during the Empire, the philosophy of political opposition tended to be Stoic. Discover (and save!) Returning soldiers spread the disease throughout the Roman Empire, with devastating consequences. He followed the teachings of the philosopher Epicurus, although scholars debate whether or not these beliefs affected his political life. When the Parthians gave up the siege and started to ravage the countryside, he followed them with his army harrying them as they went. Gaius Cassius Longinus (Classical Latin: ; October 3, before 85 BC – October 3, 42 BC) was a Roman senator, a leading instigator of the plot to kill Julius Caesar, [1] … Updates? Near the end of his life, Caesar began to prepare for a war against the Parthian Empire. (1979). Biography. [28] Momigliano placed it in 46 BC, based on a letter by Cicero to Cassius dated January 45. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [8] He studied philosophy at Rhodes under Archelaus of Rhodes and became fluent in Greek. 10 – Gaius Cassius Longinus. The appointment of his junior and brother-in-law, Marcus Brutus, as praetor urbanus deeply offended him. Although Cassius was "the moving spirit" in the plot against Caesar, winning over the chief assassins to the cause of tyrannicide, Brutus became their leader. [25] Arnaldo Momigliano called Cassius' conversion a "conspicuous date in the history of Roman Epicureanism," a choice made not to enjoy the pleasures of the Garden, but to provide a philosophical justification for assassinating a tyrant. Gaius Cassius Longinus was an ally of the triumvir, Marcus Licinius Crassus. [20] He was mourned by Brutus as "the Last of the Romans" and buried in Thassos. Little is known of his early life. As a quaestor in 53 bc, Cassius served under Marcus Licinius Crassus and saved the remnants of the Roman army defeated by the Parthians at Carrhae (modern Harran, Turkey). He committed suicide on October 23, 42 BC. Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, former rivals of Caesar who'd joined the Roman Senate, led Caesar’s assassination. Gaius Cassius Longinus (October 3, before 85 BC – October 3, 42 BC) was a Roman senator, a leading instigator of the plot to kill Julius Caesar, and the brother in-law of Marcus Junius Brutus. Gaius Cassius Longinus, (died 42 bc, near Philippi, Macedonia [now in Greece]), prime mover in the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar in 44 bc. He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian, Caesar's former supporters, and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony. Cassius was elected tribune of the Plebs for 49 BC, and threw in his lot with the Optimates, although his brother Lucius Cassius supported Caesar. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gaius-Cassius-Longinus-Roman-quaestor, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Cassius Longinus, The Ohio State University - Biography of Gaius Cassius Longinus. He was married to Junia Tertia, who was the daughter of Serviliaand thus a half-sister of … For the next two years he successfully repelled the … Cassius led the remaining troops' retreat back into Syria, and organized an effective defense force for the province. [19] The date of Cassius' death is the same as that of his birth, October 3. During that conflict, Cassius chose to side with Optimates and Pompey because of his fear that Julius Caesar would eventually turn to a dictator. Cassius was now secure enough to march on Egypt, but on the formation of the Second Triumvirate, Brutus requested his assistance. The decisive encounter came on October 7th as the Parthians turned away from Antigonea. Gaius Cassius Longinus is ome of thr main characters in the 1997 Fox series "Roar," starring Heath Ledger. Brutus was ultimately defeated after the Battle of Philippi. Shakespeare … Brutus was successful against Octavian, and took his camp. He was probably praetor urbanus in 174 BC. According to Dio, the Roman soldiers, as well as Crassus himself, were willing to give the overall command to Cassius after the initial disaster in the battle, which Cassius "very properly" refused. Learn Gaius Cassius Longinus facts for kids. Caesar's close friend Marcus Junius Brutus led the conspiracy against Caesar alongside Gaius Cassius Longinus; both were secret members of the Assassins. Cassius' reputation in the East made it easy to amass an army from other governors in the area, and by 43 BC, he was ready to take on Publius Cornelius Dolabella with 12 legions. It is said that he was almost blind and that the blood of Jesus, splattered by the lance on his eyes, immediately restored his sight. Cassius returned to Rome in 50 BC, when civil war was about to break out between Julius Caesar and Pompey. Cassius meanwhile was a stellar military figure. Cassius is a main character in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar that depicts the assassination of Caesar and its aftermath. Cassius was overtaken by Caesar en route, and was forced to surrender unconditionally.[14]. He studied philosophy at Rhodes under Archelaus of Rhodes and became fluent in Greek. In the earlier ages of the Republic ; centuries AD. Gaius Cassius Longinus, senator; Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, historian; Gaius Terentius Varro, senator; commander in the Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War; Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator; Gaius Gracchus; Gaius Iulius Vindex; Pliny the Elder; Pliny the Younger; Galerius; Diocletian; This page or section lists people with the given name Gaius. He was married to Junia Tertia (Tertulla), who was th… "[22], Like Brutus, whose Stoic proclivities are widely assumed but who is more accurately described as an Antiochean Platonist, Cassius exercised a long and serious interest in philosophy. They had one son. Share the best quotes by Gaius Cassius Longinus with your friends and family. Brutus’ first wife was named Claudia Pulchra. The spear of Longinus plays a significant role in Robin Jarvis' Tales from the Wyrd Museum series of novels. Cassius was elected Tribune of the Plebs in 49 BC, and threw in his lot with Pompey, fleeing Italy as Caesar cros… He is also shown in the lowest circle of Hell in Dante's Inferno as punishment for betraying and killing Caesar. Search US census records for Gaius Cassius Longinus. Cassius quickly joined Brutus in Smyrna with most of his army, leaving his nephew behind to govern Syria. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It is said that he was almost blind and that the blood of Jesus, splattered by the lance on his eyes, immediately restored his sight. Cook, W. R., & Herzman, R. B. The spear of Longinus plays a significant role in Robin Jarvis' Tales from the Wyrd Museum series of novels. In a letter to Cicero, he wrote: I hope that people will understand that for all, cruelty exists in proportion to hatred, and goodness and clemency in proportion to love, and evil men most seek out and crave the things which accrue to good men. He was cremated and his ashes were given to his mother. Little is known of Gaius Cassius's early life, apart from a story that he showed his dislike of despots while still at school, by quarreling with the son of the dictator Sulla. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 bc he left for Sicily. was a Roman senator, a leading the plot to kill Julius Caesar and the brother in-law of Marcus Junius Brutus. A grandnephew of Servius Sulpicius Rufus, he was also a descendant; members of the gens also used Publius, Titus, Gaius and Quintus. The triumvirs first and foremost aim was the destruction of their main opposition, led by the two most prominent assassins of Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus and his brother-in-law Gaius Cassius Longinus, who had, after the end of the Civil War, fled to Illyria and concentrated their forces in Asia. IMP. Gaius Cassius Longinus Name Meaning Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). He first refused to do battle with the Parthians, keeping his army behind the walls of Antioch (Syria's most important city) where he was besieged. Though they succeeded in assassinating Caesar, the celebration was short-lived, as Mark Antony seized power and turned the public against them. Caesar made Cassius a legate, employing him in the Alexandrian War against the very same Pharnaces whom Cassius had hoped to join after Pompey's defeat at Pharsalus. When Julius Caesar announced himself dictator perpetua, or lifelong dictator, both his enemies and allies were concerned. The thieves on both sides of Jesus had their legs broken, but when the Roman soldiers reached Jesus, one of them, reportedly a centurion named Gaius Cassius Longinus (see note below), saw he was already dead and proved it to his fellows by using his spear to pierce … [9] He was married to Junia Tertia, who was the daughter of Servilia and thus a half-sister of his co-conspirator Brutus. The other two are Brutus, his fellow conspirator, and Judas Iscariot, the Biblical betrayer of Jesus. He had distinguished himself both during Crassus’ disastrous eastern campaign against the Parthians and during the ensuing civil war between Pompey and Caesar. Aug 6, 2019 - Explore Hannah Minshew's board "Gaius Cassius Longinus" on Pinterest. See more ideas about words, quotes, sayings. Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian (later known as Augustus) and Mark Antony soon arrived, and Cassius planned to starve them out through the use of their superior position in the country. He could be like a serpent’s egg – don’t let it hatch or it will be deadly. Gaius Cassius Longinus (consul 171 BC) Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman consul in the year 171 BC, together with Publius Licinius Crassus. A praetor was a high-ranking political official who was responsible for carrying … Early Life. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. One year after Caesar had been named ruler for life, the liberators surrounded Caesar and stabbed him to death. A grandnephew of Servius Sulpicius Rufus, he was also a descendant, great grandson or nephew, of Gaius Cassius Longinus, one of Caesar 's assassins. On the ides of March, or rather the 15 th of March, Caesar was tricked into going to Pompey’s Theatre, a place where many official meetings were carried out. [30], The dating bears on, but is not essential to, the question of whether Cassius justified the murder of Caesar on Epicurean grounds. Cassius was elected as a Tribune of the Plebs in 49 BC. In the quotation above, Cassius explicitly rejects the idea that morality is good to be chosen for its own sake; morality, as a means of achieving pleasure and ataraxia, is not inherently superior to the removal of political anxieties. They regrouped the following year in Sardis, where their armies proclaimed them imperator. Later he and Brutus marched west against the allies of the Second Triumvirate. Caption: C. CASSI. 69. [6][7], Gaius Cassius Longinus (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaːjʊs ˈkassɪ.ʊs ˈlɔŋɡɪnʊs]) came from a very old Roman family, gens Cassia, which had been prominent in Rome since the 6th century BC. After Caesar's death, the senate realized his popularity and declared that it would pass all of Caesar's planned laws. He was married to Tertulla, who was a half-sister of his co-conspirator, Brutus. Gaius Cassius Longinus is ome of thr main characters in the 1997 Fox series "Roar," starring Heath Ledger. Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He was perhaps a native of Emesa in Syria. Little is known of his early life, apart from a story that he showed his dislike of despots while still at school, by quarreling with the son of the dictator Sulla. In Dante's Inferno (Canto XXXIV), Cassius is one of three people deemed sinful enough to be chewed in one of the three mouths of Satan, in the very center of Hell, for all eternity, as a punishment for killing Julius Caesar. Little is known of Gaius Cassius' early life. 190–195) as the leader of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar. [31] Romans of the Late Republic who can be identified as Epicureans are more often found among the supporters of Caesar, and often literally in his camp. Cassius also plays a major role in Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar (I. ii. However, they were forced into a pair of battles by Antony, collectively known as the Battle of Philippi. In descending chronological order: Cassius Longinus, end of 2nd century, beginning of 3rd century, historian only known through FGrHist 259.; Cassius Longinus (philosopher) (213 – 273 AD), a Greek rhetorician and philosopher Gaius Cassius Longinus (consul 30) (fl. Brutus was temperamentally mild and philosophical. Gaius Cassius Longinus, (died 42 bc, near Philippi, Macedonia [now in Greece]), prime mover in the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar in 44 bc..Little is known of his early life. Alternatively, there could be another centurion by the name of Gaius Cassius. Cassius Longinus is the main character of Louis de Wohl's novel The Spear (1955). Little is known of his early life. In one of the final scenes of the play, Cassius mentions to one of his subordinates that the day, October 3, is his birthday, and dies shortly afterwards. Forced by popular resentment to withdraw from Rome after the murder, he left Italy for Syria, where he raised a large army and defeated Publius Cornelius Dolabella, to whom the province had been assigned by the Senate. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. After Caesar's death, Cassius fled to the East, where he amassed an army of twelve legions. 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