[140] In February 1759, the University of St Andrews awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. [69] This account was read to the Royal Society on December 21 and printed as such in the Philosophical Transactions. Franklin described the experiment in the Pennsylvania Gazette on October 19, 1752,[67][68] without mentioning that he himself had performed it. Riappacificatosi ben presto con la sua famiglia, l'anno successivo si recò a Londra, dove rimase due anni per perfezionare la propria conoscenza delle tecniche tipografiche. Their daughter, Sarah "Sally" Franklin, was born in 1743 and grew up to marry Richard Bache, have seven children, and look after her father in his old age. I determined to go into it ... [By not eating meat] I presently found that I could save half what [my brother] paid me. Born in Boston in 1706 as the tenth son of a soapmaker, Benjamin Franklin began his career as an apprentice in his brother’s printing business. Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 23 mar 2021 alle 12:14. [citation needed], Between 1771 and 1788, he finished his autobiography. Chess Hall of Fame in 1999. The Federal Edition in 12 volumes. This is succinctly preserved in his letter to the London Chronicle published November 29, 1766, titled 'On the Price of Corn, and Management of the poor'. King escaped with a woman to live in the outskirts of London[223] and by 1758 he was working for a household in Suffolk. [102] Joseph Haydn, a fan of Franklin's enlightened ideas, had a glass harmonica in his instrument collection. "[98], An aging Franklin accumulated all his oceanographic findings in Maritime Observations, published by the Philosophical Society's transactions in 1786. In 1757, he was sent to England by the Pennsylvania Assembly as a colonial agent to protest against the political influence of the Penn family, the proprietors of the colony. ", "The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, Volume III: London, 1757 – 1775 – On the Price of Corn, and Management of the Poor", "Memoirs of the literary and philosophical society of Manchester", "The Writings of Benjamin Franklin: London, 1757–1775", "Franklin invented it, Mozart wrote for it: the 'armonica' returns", International Music Score Library Project, "Chess and Benjamin Franklin-His Pioneering Contributions", U.S. Due to its licentious nature, the letter was not published in collections of Franklin's papers during the nineteenth century. The letters were finally leaked to the public in the Boston Gazette in mid-June 1773,[149] causing a political firestorm in Massachusetts and raising significant questions in England. Franklin proposed a broad Plan of Union for the colonies. I therefore beg leave to move—that henceforth prayers imploring the assistance of Heaven, and its blessings on our deliberations, be held in this Assembly every morning before we proceed to business, and that one or more of the Clergy of this City be requested to officiate in that service. Paul Knapman, the Westminster Coroner, said yesterday: "I cannot totally discount the possibility of a crime. Benjamin Franklin- The multi talented. 2, Bibliografia italiana di Benjamin Franklin, Catalogo Vegetti della letteratura fantastica, Direttore generale delle poste degli Stati Uniti d'America, Gaetano Filangieri e Benjamin Franklin: tra l'illuminismo giuridico italiano e la costituzione statunitense, https://www.fi.edu/history-resources/franklins-lightning-rod, http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/famous-inventors/10-ben-franklin-inventions3.htm, International Music Score Library Project, Firmatari della Dichiarazione d'indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d'America, Firmatari della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&oldid=119456694, Personalità della guerra d'indipendenza americana, Padri fondatori degli Stati Uniti d'America, Membri dell'Accademia russa delle scienze, Membri dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Membri dell'International Swimming Hall of Fame, P648 multipla letta da Wikidata senza qualificatore, Voci con template Collegamenti esterni e qualificatori sconosciuti, Voci con template Collegamenti esterni e molti collegamenti (soglia maggiore), Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo. I due continuarono a scriversi lettere, ad incontrarsi, disquisendo di questioni scientifiche, e collaborarono in seguito insieme all'indagine sul mesmerismo, entrando entrambi a far parte della Commissione nominata dal re per indagare sulle presunte scoperte mediche fatte da Franz Anton Mesmer. [131], In 1754, he headed the Pennsylvania delegation to the Albany Congress. [3], Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. Four years later, it was anonymously printed in Boston, and it was quickly reproduced in Britain, where it influenced the economist Adam Smith and later the demographer Thomas Malthus, who credited Franklin for discovering a rule of population growth. They lived in a home in the Parisian suburb of Passy, donated by Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, who supported the United States. [43] Deborah wrote to him in November 1769 saying she was ill due to "dissatisfied distress" from his prolonged absence, but he did not return until his business was done. They find the insight they are seeking by putting on a show based upon Benjamin Franklin… Diede contributi importanti allo studio dell'elettricità e fu un appassionato di meteorologia e anatomia. He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. Bailly allora prese la sua tabacchiera e la porse al vicino senza una parola; Franklin, con un cenno della mano, fece segno di non voler fumare. Later, Dashkova reciprocated by making him the first American member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. I never doubted, for instance, the existence of the Deity; that He made the world, and governed it by His providence; that the most acceptable service of God was the doing good to man; that our souls are immortal; and that all crime will be punished, and virtue rewarded, either here or hereafter. Studiò inoltre la natura dei gas sprigionati dai caminetti, capendo che il fumo è più pesante dell'aria; fu questo che permise la realizzazione della sua stufa, nota anche come "caminetto Franklin", insieme a Benjamin Thompson. William Franklin, non fermandosi neppure dopo la sua unione, avvenuta nel 1731, con Deborah Read Rogers. [19] Egli inventò anche la stufa in ferro, in quanto tale materiale mantiene il calore e permette una quantità di calore irradiato maggiore. [261], "The Princess and the Patriot: Ekaterina Dashkova, Benjamin Franklin and the Age of Enlightenment" exhibition opened in Philadelphia in February 2006 and ran through December 2006. After the disillusioning experience of seeing the decay in his own moral standards, and those of two friends in London whom he had converted to Deism, Franklin turned back to a belief in the importance of organized religion, on the pragmatic grounds that without God and organized churches, man will not be good. [109] His essay on "The Morals of Chess" in Columbian Magazine in December 1786 is the second known writing on chess in America. [citation needed], From the mid-1750s to the mid-1770s, Franklin spent much of his time in London. Januar 1706 in Boston das Licht der Welt und wurde durch sein Wirken und Schaffen selbst zu einem Licht der Aufklärung und der Menschlichkeit. Referring to his experience in Philadelphia, he wrote in his autobiography, "new Places of worship were continually wanted, and generally erected by voluntary Contribution, my Mite for such purpose, whatever might be the Sect, was never refused. [184] The family attended the Old South Church, the most liberal Puritan congregation in Boston, where Benjamin Franklin was baptized in 1706. Nel 1736, a trent'anni, creò la prima compagnia di pompieri volontari, la Union Fire Company. [193], Franklin was an enthusiastic supporter of the evangelical minister George Whitefield during the First Great Awakening. La svolta avvenne però nel 1729 quando, ormai giornalista ed editore affermato, comprò il giornale La gazzetta della Pennsylvania, che diventerà il quotidiano più venduto nelle tredici colonie.[10]. Nel 1754 alcuni elementi del suo piano di unione delle colonie furono inseriti negli articoli della Confederazione, il primo documento governativo degli Stati Uniti d'America. Benjamin Franklin is best known as one of the Founding Fathers who never served as president but was a respected inventor, publisher, scientist and diplomat. [165] In July 1784, Franklin met with Mirabeau and contributed anonymous materials that the Frenchman used in his first signed work: Considerations sur l'ordre de Cincinnatus. Franklin also was appointed the postmaster general in North America in 1753, and Franklin also was in charge of the Pennsylvania Militia to fight Native American. "[137], While living in London in 1768, he developed a phonetic alphabet in A Scheme for a new Alphabet and a Reformed Mode of Spelling. Experiments and observations on electricity, Mélanges de morale, d'économie et de politique. In this biography of Benjamin Franklin, you will meet the real man as he is allowed to present much of his story in his own words. [citation needed], A Loyalist to the king, William Franklin and his father Benjamin eventually broke relations over their differences about the American Revolutionary War, as Benjamin Franklin could never accept William's position. "Benjamin Franklin's Printing Network and the Stamp Act. His last words were reportedly, "a dying man can do nothing easy", to his daughter after she suggested that he change position in bed and lie on his side so he could breathe more easily. [260], "Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" is a letter written by Benjamin Franklin, dated June 25, 1745, in which Franklin gives advice to a young man about channeling sexual urges. "[48] He was incarcerated in Connecticut for two years, in Wallingford and Middletown, and after being caught surreptitiously engaging Americans into supporting the Loyalist cause, was held in solitary confinement at Litchfield for eight months. Franklin learned about forming do-good associations from Cotton Mather, but his organizational skills made him the most influential force in making voluntarism an enduring part of the American ethos. Ralph Frasca, "'The Partnership at Carolina Having succeeded, was Encourag'd to Engage in Others': The Genesis of Benjamin Franklin's Printing Network". Benjamin Franklin In our American history many figures have left their mark, and are remembered still today. Although he was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the committee,[citation needed] Franklin made several "small but important" changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson. Firesign Theater quote, meant humorously but poignantly. Benjamin Franklin fu l'unico dei Padri Fondatori a partecipare alla stesura di tutti e tre i principali documenti degli Stati Uniti. '"[204] Whitefield's supporters in Philadelphia, including Franklin, erected "a large, new hall, that ... could provide a pulpit to anyone of any belief. Our prayers, Sir, were heard, and they were graciously answered. "[5] To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become. Fu il fondatore della Società Filosofica Americana, nonché della prima società di assicurazione contro gli incendi e istituì il Ministero delle Poste. Juli Benjamin Franklin Wedekind geboren. Isbn: 9780516236018. [162] He had just returned from England and was appointed chairman of a Committee of Investigation to establish a postal system. Who was the Real Benjamin Franklin? [127] Johnson went on to found King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City in 1754, while Franklin hired Smith as Provost of the College of Philadelphia, which opened in 1755. "[211] He defended his rejection of religious dogma with these words: "I think opinions should be judged by their influences and effects; and if a man holds none that tend to make him less virtuous or more vicious, it may be concluded that he holds none that are dangerous, which I hope is the case with me." They can mention his status as a founding father and his participation in writing the final Declaration of Independence. 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